In this study the pyrolysis of tyres has been carried out in a conical spouted bed reactor at 500 c and the liquid product has been characterized taking into account composition, heat value and simulated distillation. Fixed bed reactor design for gas phase chain reactions. Apart from this, the fluidized bed and spouted bed can also be used in pharmaceutical industry for different purposes. The extrusion feeder is a very rugged screw type extrusion device which extrudes the heterogeneous feed material into the spouted bed thermpchemical reaction zone where solids are comminuted and gasified at medium tempera ture 1600 f. Minimum spouting velocity of conical spouted beds equipped with draft tubes of different configuration. Multiphase flow with interphase exchanges mfix software was used to establish a spouted fluid bed reactor design. As in any design, the fluidized bed reactor does have it drawbacks, which any. The feeding system consists of a hopper, a hollow ball valve where the plastic to be fed is located, an inlet tube cooled by tap water, and a support. Spouted bed reactors olazar 2003 chemical engineering. Gasification, pyrolysis, and combustion chapter 15. The conical spouted bed reactor has interesting features for waste tire pyrolysis, such as small pressure drop, simple design or the capacity for handling coarse particles. Design and operation of a catalytic polymerization reactor in a. The latest advances on conical spouted beds are discussed in this.
Development of the conical spouted bed technology for biomass. Heat input, catalyst replacement, catalyst generation, and carbon separation are some of the issues that must be addressed during the reactor design for thermal decomposition. This paper studies the comsol simulation of a packed bed reactor using a 2d heterogeneous model. As in any design, the fluidized bed reactor does have it drawbacks, which any reactor designer must. The knowledge of bed dynamics also gives the fundamentals for optimum design of fluidized bed reactor, gasifiers and combustors, especially in the fixation of bed heights for such units. Fixed bed catalyst reactors design aspects johnson. Development of a spouted bed reactor for chemical looping. Thus, the optimization technique is a powerful tool to obtain the desired design parameters and set of operating conditions.
The fluidizedbed reactor is the centerpiece of industrial fluidization processes. He has more than 40 years of experience working on fluidized and spouted beds, fluidparticle systems and multiphase flow. The invention describes a novel spouted bed bioreactor system sbbs for the removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,m,pxylene btex from a contaminated air stream. Fluidized bed reactor free download as powerpoint presentation. Design and operation of a jet spouted bed reactor with. This contact method is especially useful for applications where a vigorous movement of the solid is required, for example. Response surface methodology is used to optimize the draft tube height, the draft tube width and the gap between the bottom of the draft tube and the inlet nozzle. Gassolid spouted beds are either cylindrical bed with cone base or the whole bed is in a cone shape where the gas enters as a jet.
Fixed bed reactor design for gas phase chain reactions catalyzed by solids a kinetic network, consisting of 36 gasphase chain reactions between 11 molecules and 9 radi cals, coupled to 10 catalytic reactions has been applied in the current work. This would guide the experimental work and reduce the risk and cost of. The results are evidence of the good performance of this original reactor for kinetic studies of flash pyrolysis of plastics at high temperatures, which is due to bed isothermicity and to. Moreover, the influence of different primary catalysts and the incorporation of novel modifications in the reactor design, such as fountain confiner and draft tube, are also. Gasphase reactions presents the essential theoretical and conceptual background of gaseous reactions catalyzed by solid catalysts in fixed beds. The conical spouted bed reactor csbr is an alternative to fluidized beds and has been proven to be an adequate reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis 26. Investigation of ammonia formation during gasification in an airblown spouted bed.
Computer simulations can be very useful to aid this design and scaleup process. A dualcompartment slotrectangular spouted bed dsrsb reactor was designed and built to torrefy sawdust. Made by faculty at the university of colorado boulder. Waste is fed into the primary spouted bed reactor via conveyor belt to the extrusion feeder. Csbr is defined as conical spouted bed reactor engineering very rarely.
Design and operation of a catalytic polymerization reactor in a dilute spouted bed regime. Kinetic results of polyolefin polyethylene and polypropylene pyrolysis obtained in a conical spouted bed reactor are compared with those obtained by thermogravimetry and in a highheatingrate microreactor. Spouted beds is a comprehensive chapter book that covers the spouting phenomenon and the special features and applications of spouted beds. Later chapters focus on drying, particlecoating and energyrelated applications based on spouted and spoutfluid beds. The tyre mass feed in each run was 2 g and the bed was made up of 15 g of sand. Pyrolysis of polyolefins in a conical spouted bed reactor. Uptodate information on the fundamentals and applications of sfbs has been briefly presented, based on the limited work reported, in the new spouted bed book edited by norman epstein and john r. Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisations collection.
They consist of a bed of immobilised enzyme which is fluidised by the rapid upwards flow of the substrate stream alone or in combination with a gas or secondary liquid stream, either of which may be inert or contain material relevant to the reaction. The performance of the spouted bed reactor in the catalytic partial oxidation of methane was. High density polyethylene, hdpe, was pyrolyzed in a selfdesigned stainless steel laboratory reactor to produce. A fluidized bed reactor fbr is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. The conditions used were appropriate to obtain a high yield of olefins, around 58% wt. This book focuses on the design and operation of fluidized beds in many different.
The first attempt to use sorbent from cal to produce cement was performed by dean, dugwell, et al. Spouted bed reactor an overview sciencedirect topics. This book intends to provide recommendations to professionals who seek for modeling, scaleup, and diagnostics of fixedbed reactors. Improving the stability and operability ghanim alwan, muthanna aldahhan, farooq a. Whether the aim is pyrolysis, gasification, or combustion, each of these reactions occurs in some parts of the reactor because of gassolids contacting. Professor grace has published widely, and has lectured and consulted for. Continuous pyrolysis of waste tyres in a conical spouted bed reactor, fuel, 89, 8.
Below the reactor is a cartridge containing a ceramic resistance, which is inside a metallic casing and thermally insulated. International journal of chemical reactor engineering. Fluidized bed reactor chemical processes chemical reactor. Feb 26, 2015 the invention describes a novel spouted bed bioreactor system sbbs for the removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,m,pxylene btex from a contaminated air stream. There are scores of excellent books on fluidisation and its applications in. Fluidised bed reactors london south bank university. Dec 18, 20 calculates the amount of catalyst needed to convert 70% of feed in a large packed bed reactor using kinetic data from a differential reactor.
Spouted beds gained much more popularity in 1959 with the book titled. The dynamics of the spouted bed reactor are highly interactive nonlinear processes. With contributions from internationally renowned research groups, this book guides the reader through new developments, insights and models. A gassolid spouted bed reactor gas flow upward while particles flow downward except in the central jet area where both gas and particles flow upward. This would guide the experimental work and reduce the risk and cost of the design and operation.
A comprehensive study of sawdust torrefaction in a dual. Response surface methodology is used to optimize the draft tube height, the draft tube width and the. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Kinetic study of polyolefin pyrolysis in a conical spouted. Spouted bed bioreactor system united arab emirates university. Practical economic considerations dictate individual pellet shape and catalyst bed configuration. Consequently, a detailed design of a fluidized bed reactor that would allow flexible operation at high temperature and high pressure at several gas velocities will be conducted in order to serve for the future development of new hydrodynamic models. This thesis investigates the design and behavior of a coldflow laboratory scaled. In order to design such a fixed bed reactor, it is necessary to be able to predict the temperature and concentration at every point in the reactor, since present design methods are based on the numerical integration of basic differential equations which can be derived from material and energy balances over a differential element of the bed.
How is conical spouted bed reactor engineering abbreviated. Fixedbed reactor design and diagnostics 1st edition. Conical spouted bed reactor the advantages that the conical spouted bed reactor ofers are characteristic of conventional spouted beds cylindrical with a conical base, and they are improved by the exclusively conical geometry of the reactor. How should one select between fixed and fluidilized bed reactor.
His work includes reactor design, heat and mass transfer, hydrodynamics, and applications. After briefly discussing the history and features of spouted bed compared to fluidized bed, the book deals with the fluid and solid dynamics of spouted beds. It was determined that, in general, the rate of nickel electrowinning increases with increasing ph and temperature, over the experimental range investigated. Cal experiments were performed in a laboratoryscale spoutedbed reactor. What are the differences between fluidized bed, circulating bed and spouted bed reactor. Featuring case studies and worked examples that illustrate key concepts in the text, this book contains guidelines for scaleup of laboratory and pilot plant results, methods to derive the correct reaction order, activation energy, or kinetic model from laboratory tests, and theories, correlations, and practical examples for 2 and 3phase reaction systems, including bubble columns, slurry. For all irreversible reactions of greater than zero order, the volume of the reactor approaches. Most reactor designs are based on pseudo homogeneous models.
The gas forms a spout region that carries the solids upward in a. The hydrodynamic and reactor models of spouted and spoutfluid beds are examined, as well as such topics as particle segregation, heat and mass transfer, mixing and scaleup. Design and operation of a conical spouted bed reactor pilot plant. Spouted beds are commonly thought of as being solely of use for processes involving coarse particles of the order of 1 mm and above. Optimization of draft tube position in a spouted bed reactor used for treatment of wastewater containing low concentration of heavy metals is investigated in this paper. The conical spouted bed reactor csbr has been successfully used for the pyrolysis of other solid residues, such as biomass 15 and plastics 16. Pdf pyrolysis of polyolefins in a conical spouted bed reactor. Generally, fixed bed, tubular, spouted, and fluidized bed reactors are reported in the literature for methane decomposition see table 9.
What are the differences between fluidized bed, circulating bed and. After briefly discussing the history and features of spouted bed compared to fluidized bed, the book. Performed with nga by jesse capecelatro and olivier desjardins. These reactors generally behave in a manner intermediate between cstrs and pbrs. The conical spouted bed reactor is suitable for the pyrolysis of plastic waste due. Design parameters of the conical spouted bed reactor. Professor grace has published widely, and has lectured and consulted for industry in these fields. Spouted beds are also used as chemical reactors to carry out, for example. Multiobjective optimization of a spouted bed reactor. Dec 23, 2010 the hydrodynamic and reactor models of spouted and spoutfluid beds are examined, as well as such topics as particle segregation, heat and mass transfer, mixing and scaleup. Recently, a novel gassolid spouted bed bioreactor has been proposed to overcome the difficulties in ssf 49. Spouted beds is a comprehensive chapter book that covers the spouting. May 11, 20 detailed largeeddy simulation of a spouted sand bed.
This contact method is especially useful for applications where a vigorous movement of the solid is required, for example, in the handling of solids that are sticky, of irregular texture, or with a large particle size distribution. Temperature and residence time are the key factors which determine catalyst performance in fixed bed platinum group metal pgm catalysed gas phase reactions. Fixedbed reactor design and diagnostics gasphase reactions. Thus, this chapter summarizes the main results obtained in the application of the conical spouted bed reactor in the steam gasification of biomass and waste plastics. The effects on torrefaction performance of temperature from 240 to 300 c, sawdust feedrate from 600 to 1400 gh and oxygen concentration from 0 to 9 vol% were explored. Aug 17, 2011 the spouted electrochemical reactor exhibited good performance for the removal of nickel from acidic solutions.
One of the commonest applications of fixed bed pgm catalysts. What are the differences between fluidized bed, circulating. Optimization of draft tube position in a spouted bed reactor. The authors introduced waste plastic pyrolysis oil wppo as an alternative fuel characterized in detail and compared with conventional diesel. Development of laboratory scale conical spouted bed reactors. Spouted bed bioreactor system united arab emirates. The spouted electrochemical reactor exhibited good performance for the removal of nickel from acidic solutions.
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